Abstract:

Quantitative research is conducted to identify the level of reflection attained by primary school teachers and specific factors that could determine higher level of reflection. In more detail, the present research is a continuation of the qualitative research which categorized the critical incidents, identified the level of reflection achieved by twenty (20) teachers through the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) and examined whether gender, age, level of education and years of teaching experience of teachers are related to their level of reflection. For this purpose, the research tool chosen after the thorough international literature search is the questionnaire of Barbara Larrivee [1] "Survey of Reflective Practice: A Tool for Assessing Development as a Reflective Practitioner".

The questionnaire was not yet validated in Greek. Therefore, in order to be used for Greek-speaking populations, the questionnaire had first to be translated into the Greek language and adapted to Greek cultural data. This article describes the questionnaire's translation and cross-cultural adaptation methodology into Greek, according to the published guidelines and also the first quantitative results of this research. Cross-cultural adaptation includes conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences between the questionnaire in languages other than Greek and the translated questionnaire in the Greek language. Cross-cultural adaptation is necessary for conducting cross-cultural comparison international research. Translation into the Greek language and cross-cultural adaptation methodology for a questionnaire includes the following six steps:
(a) Procedure preparation,
(b) translation of the questionnaire from the language other than Greek into the Greek language (forward translation),
(c) translation of the translated questionnaire in Greek back into the source language (backward translation),
(d) examination and validation by a committee review,
(e) pilot study, and
(f) review and finalization of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation procedures.
Statistical methods are used to check for reliability and validity of the translated questionnaire. The goodness-of-fit of the 4-factor model is assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency and test-retest reliability are further explored. Consequently, first results of the greek-translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire are presented to the international audience as a pilot phase and then the translated questionnaire will be used as a tool in the next quantitative research phase that will follow on a large sample of primary school teachers.

Keywords:

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaire, educational reflection, primary school teachers.