Abstract:

Laboratory education plays an important role within natural science education. Although widely used, there is a general consensus that the time, effort and costs invested in laboratory education often are not well balanced by its contribution to intended learning outcomes. In the study described in this paper, teachers (n=133) from 13 universities, including 3 universities of applied sciences, in The Netherlands have participated in a survey on laboratory education. According to 53% of the teachers, students could learn more from laboratory education than they currently do. This is amongst others attributed to poor student preparation. Although 89% of the teachers claim that student preparation for laboratory education is important, only 25% of all the teachers indicate that their students are adequately prepared before entering the laboratory class room. Teachers report that students are often not sufficiently aware of the need for preparation but acknowledge also that this lack of awareness is partly induced by the fact that they adapt their laboratory education based on the experience that students do not prepare. About 43% of the teachers is enthusiastic about the concept of a laboratory simulation that helps students to prepare for laboratory education. In 20 follow-up interviews, the potential of gamified laboratory simulations as preparation tools was discussed. Based on literature, survey results, and interviews, the design requirements for such gamified laboratory simulations are described in this paper.

Gamified laboratory simulations should:
A) allow students to effectively and efficiently prepare for the laboratory class; and
B) motivate students to prepare for the laboratory class.

Keywords:

Laboratory education, e-learning, design requirements, simulation, gamification.