Abstract:

The social evolution that has been unleashed in recent decades has caused a change in the level of human behavior that is reflected in a new way of being, a new way of life, labeled as postmodern culture. The means of transport, television and technologies in the homes make available to the family entertainments that supplant those that were previously made outdoors and required physical exercise, thus leading to a greater sedentary lifestyle. Now, if we add unhealthy eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle, another important risk factor such as obesity appears. Obesity today is one of the diseases of opulence that especially affects developed and developing countries. Currently, the population in general is more affected by the problems associated with overweight and obesity, as these not only affect adults but also affect adolescents and children. Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood, increasing morbidity and mortality. In addition, there are consequences to the psychological and pathological level. Orthopedic problems such as septic necrosis of the hip due to excess weight, limb varus and osteoarthritis of the knees, a greater probability of suffering bills, affecting physical mobility For all these reasons, the aim of our study is to analyze the influence of excess weight at school age on the motor ability of the running, in a group of 177 students between ten and twelve years old. The instrument used to measure the execution of the displacement (running) was the "Scale for the evaluation of basic motor skills". On the other hand, the participants were weighed and measured to determine the Body Mass Index (BMI). To determine the obesity and overweight of the sample, the BMI value obtained was compared with a reference distribution, taking into account the child's age and sex. In our investigation we consider: percentile ≥97 obesity and percentile ≥85 overweight. In order to analyze and establish the differences between the variables of the study, we used the application of the program SPSS23.0. The techniques used have been the Analysis of Variance or Anova, and Chi2 in order to compare means. The main results indicate that about 70% of the students have a level between a half and a half high in this ability. The high level of execution is only reached by 9% of the participants, the average low level reaches 11.9% and, finally, 13% get the low level. The students with obesity have, mainly, a low average level (43.75%) and low (18.75%), in the motor skill of the displacement. Our data reveal that students with obesity have greater difficulties in tasks that require a greater degree of neuromuscular coordination and that involve cognitive-motor aspects with decision making of the subjects. All these findings corroborate that children with obesity will show a less effective motor planning, reaffirming the negative impact that excess weight can have on the psychomotor development of boys and girls, thus making it difficult to learn in the school setting and specifically in the area of Physical Education.

Keywords:

Primary education, physical education, running, body mass index.