Abstract:

Nowadays, in the fields of philosophy and psychology, there are many researches concerning emotions: these studies are relevant from a theoretical point of view, while educational theory needs empirical researches, that investigate how to educate children to analyze and to know their emotional life. In the light of this premise we developed an educative project and a qualitative research on it: participants were children in four fourth classes of three primary schools in Verona.

At the basis of our educative research there were the following theses:
1. theoretical: the emotional education is conceivable in the light of the cognitive conception of emotions; indeed, if emotions have cognitive contents – as it is sustained by authors such as Nussbaum (2001) and Oatley (1992) – then, they can be understood by the person who feels them;
2. epistemological and ethical: a research involving children should be thought not as a research “on” children but as a research “for” children (Mortari, 2009), i.e. it should be aimed at offering a positive and significant experience to the children involved.

The development of our educative project was aimed at facilitating the children’s reflections on their emotions. The research on the educative experience that was organized in the involved classes was guided by the following research question: “What ways of affective self-understanding emerge from an educative experience that is structured on the basis of a cognitive conception of emotions?”
During the educative action, that lasted four months, the children were required to write and analyse their emotions in a personal diary titled the “journal of emotional life” (Mortari, 2015). In their journal, the children had to write a narrative about an emotion they felt during the day and analyse it on the basis of a metaphor. The metaphor is the “vegetable garden of emotions”; according to this metaphor, every emotion is associated with a vegetable plant. The use of this metaphor was aimed at facilitating the children’s recognition of the fact which gave rise to an emotion, the manifestations of this emotion and the thoughts linked to it.

The children’s writings were analysed by the researchers on the basis of a phenomenological and inductive approach (Mortari, 2006, 2007). The study’s results allow identification of some elements in the way in which the children develop their affective self-understanding:
- the cognitive operations that were required of the children for the analysis of their emotions; that is to say, the recognition of:
o the fact which gives rise to the emotion;
o the manifestations through which the emotion eventually expresses itself;
o the thoughts which are linked with the emotion;
- the recognition of the intensity of the experienced emotion;
- the recognition of the desire or unwillingness that can accompany the emotion;
- the recognition of an additional emotion.

Furthermore, the research shows that the act of narration – facilitated by the “journal of the emotional life” – and the process of analysis – facilitated by the metaphor of the “vegetable garden of emotions” – can be effective instruments for children’s affective self-understanding.

Keywords:

Emotional education, primary school, educative research.