Abstract:

For an extended period, the issue of dropout rates in Vocational Education and Training has posed a significant challenge across Europe. The European Commission (s.d.) considers reducing early school leaving a top priority, recognising that dropping out is a big risk for unemployment, social exclusion, poverty, and poor health. This paper aims to examine student dropout in Estonian vocational schools, with a specific focus on identifying risks and evaluating the efficacy of preventive measures. An online survey was conducted with heads and employees directly involved in dropout reduction from different vocational schools to investigate dropout risks, prevention measures, and related activities. Findings reveal motivation as the primary risk factor for dropout, emphasising the need for targeted interventions. A correlation between enrollment and risk assessments is observed. Three key prevention areas emerge: addressing motivation challenges, supporting students with social and health issues, and aiding those facing economic difficulties. The effectiveness of various prevention measures is analysed, highlighting the significance of individualised, early, and multifaceted support. The study provides valuable insights for educational institutions aiming to enhance dropout prevention strategies.

Keywords:

Dropout risks, Vocational education, Dropout prevention, Early intervention, Individualised support, Estonia, Online survey, Student motivation.