Abstract:

Connecting distributed energy resources (RES) changes the existing conception of the traditional distribution network as a passive network with a one-way flow of energy from the transmission network to end customers. The existing control mechanisms in the traditional distribution network are completely determined by the one-way flow of energy and subordinated to only one task: to reduce the voltage drop from the transmission network to the final customer in the low-voltage network. With the appearance of distributed sources, the distribution network becomes two-way, and in case of turning the energy direction (from the distributed source to the superior network), the problem of voltage drop in the opposite direction appears, i.e. the problem of voltage increase along the network. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish a laboratory model of an advanced distribution system that includes primary elements, but also advanced systems for monitoring, protection and management, and in order to train students for challenges in the power industry. The creation of a laboratory model of an advanced distribution system is the starting point in the establishment of a laboratory for Smart electrical networks and systems, since the functionality, flexibility and robustness of the laboratory's basic goal - "System for optimal management of the distribution network in real time" will be tested on the laboratory model. The key elements of the laboratory model are a controllable distributed source with the possibility of voltage and frequency regulation and measuring devices. For the purpose of the distributed source, a synchronous generator powered by a controllable electric motor will be used as a driving machine, which simulates the operation of a turbine. Other key elements are devices for synchronized measurement of phasor voltages and currents (PMU - Phasor Measurement Unit), which is part of the secondary system of the laboratory model and is a source of real-time measurement data (sampling is 20 ms), which are input data to the System for optimal management of the distribution network in real time. Monitoring, protection and management based on synchronized measurements represents an IoT platform for maintaining the integrity of the power system in real time. Ultimately, the created laboratory model will be able to provide expert knowledge about Advanced electrical networks and systems, which include IoT applications in the power industry with the support of artificial intelligence, especially deep machine learning algorithms.

Keywords:

STEM, IoT, digital laboratory, artificial intelligence, synchronized measurements.