Abstract:

The article considers the analysis of Russian educational texts intended for non-native speakers, in other words for those people for whom Russian is a foreign language (henceforth – non-native speaker). The research defines universal and unique features of educational texts through the texts aimed at teaching Russian as a foreign language. The structure of educational texts is universal because a typical academic edition contains three basic structural units: a theoretical unit, a unit with instructional texts and a unit with practical exercises. Each unit consists of genre-forming formants, the set of which is defined by a genre. The unique features of educational texts appear on the semantic and lexical-grammatical levels: in the principles of selection and methods of presenting information and the ratio of images of recipients and addresser. The texts oriented on non-native speakers are distinguished by great differentiation from the genre-style norms of scientific texts; the images of the recipient and the addresser are explicated only in separate editions. Exercises are aimed at the formation of linguistic, pragmatic or sociocultural competence. The method of explaining the theoretical material depends on the level of the recipient's language competence: for a low-skilled addressee, a graphical way of presenting the material is preferable (a scheme, a table, a figure); An addressee with minimal linguistic skills is able to make an inductive conclusion from a supposition, which is usually presented in educational texts as ready-made speech material.

The relevance of this article is due to the need to create algorithms for developing the most effective educational materials that will take into account the social and psychophysical features of the addressees, and can also be adapted for use in contact work with a student or in an electronic educational environment. The article is a part of the research concerned with the study of educational materials on the Russian language for different categories of recipients. The study includes an analysis of educational materials presented in the form of traditional educational publications, as well as in the form of electronic interactive educational resources. The purpose of the article is to identify universal and unique features of traditional textual genres of the language pedagogic discourse: textbooks, study guides, workbooks, and so on. The study materials are learning materials on Russian as a foreign language, that is, oriented on those students, for whom Russian is a non-native or a foreign language.

Keywords:

Didactic discourse, genre, genre-forming formant, educational text, methodic text.