Abstract:

Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has become a versatile method of higher education globally, allowing individuals to pursue their academic degrees without the constraints associated with traditional learning such as fixed schedules, dependence on specific locations, time limitation and many more. Despite its potential benefits, ODL presents unique challenges that warrant careful consideration specially including dropout rates. The purpose of this research is to address the existing knowledge gap surrounding student dropouts in the ODL environment.

To systematically explore this problem, this study sets out two primary objectives:
(1) To identify and analyse the prevailing knowledge about students’ dropouts in the ODL
(2) To identify the areas where empirical research is lacking in the study of student dropouts in ODL environment.

To achieve these objectives, this study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology. According to the research questions, empirical articles published in journals during the period 2013 – 2023 are extracted from Lens.ORG database. The review’s article selection and findings are published following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings are developed using keyword co-occurrence analysis. The two forms of “Keyword Co-occurrence”: “Network Visualisation” and “Density Visualisation” will be utilised in the analysis. The keyword co-occurrence network visualization addresses the first objective: identifying the prevailing knowledge regarding the theories, factors, trends, and patterns associated with student dropouts in the ODL environment. This analysis may reveal common themes, challenges and potential causes contributing to student dropout rates in ODL settings. The keyword co-occurrence density visualisation addresses the second objective: finding the areas where empirical students’ dropouts research is lacking or insufficient. In conclusion, this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of student dropout dynamics in ODL education. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, this study aims to guide future studies, policies, and interventions aimed at addressing and reducing dropout rates in ODL settings. Additionally, the findings may offer insights into improving student retention, enhancing learning experiences, and promoting educational equity and access in the field of open and distance education.

Keywords:

Open and Distance Learning (ODL), Dropout, Systematic Literature Review (SLR), PRISMA, Keyword Co-occurrence Analysis.