Abstract:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being embedded in school systems worldwide, raising important questions about equal access and inclusive learning opportunities. While AI-enabled technologies offer potential for personalized and accessible learning, there remains limited empirical evidence on how these tools support students with disabilities and other marginalized learners in K–12 contexts. Addressing this gap is critical as education systems seek to integrate emerging technologies while maintaining commitments to inclusive education. This study presents a systematic literature review that synthesizes recent empirical research on AI-enabled technologies supporting inclusive learning in K–12 education. The review examines how AI tools—such as assistive, adaptive, and conversational systems—contribute to learning and participation outcomes for students with disabilities and diverse learner groups. It also analyses the types of AI technologies used, the disability groups represented, and the design and implementation characteristics of classroom-based interventions.

A structured database search was conducted using EBSCO and ProQuest, focusing on peer-reviewed empirical studies published within the last five years. Following systematic screening based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a small set of intervention studies was identified for analysis. Findings indicate promising short-term improvements in academic outcomes such as reading, writing, communication, and overall achievement. However, the evidence base remains limited in scope, with most studies focusing on a narrow range of disability groups and short-term, researcher-led interventions. The review highlights the need for longitudinal, classroom-embedded research that examines teacher-implemented AI interventions and sustainable models of inclusive AI integration in schools. The findings offer insights for research, policy, and practice, particularly in contexts such as the UAE where national priorities emphasize both AI integration and inclusive education.

Keywords:

AI in education, inclusive education, educational technology, students with disabilities, K–12 education.