Abstract:

The objective of the article is to define the Spanish used by the Latino inhabitants of the American states of California and New York from a phraseological point of view. For this reason, a contrastive analysis of the Spanish language has been chosen between the phraseology used in California, New York, and Spain, respectively. The research in this article aims to contribute to phraseological and phraseological studies of current Spanish, taking into account the diatopic variants and variations existing on the other side of the European continent, specifically in the United States, through the cognitive-contrastive analysis of a specific type of phraseological units such verbal locutions, as well as the proposal to create a phraseological database to examine the contributions regarding the concept of verbal phraseology, identify and assessing the characteristics of said phraseologisms and highlighting those features such as variability, idiomaticity, and fixation, depending on the geographical area in question, and establish a classification based on specific criteria that allows defining the type of units that will make up the database. The importance of this work, unlike the rest of comparative phraseological studies, resides in that to date researchers have always paid special attention to the presence of phraseologisms in comparative works with the presence of two different linguistic codes as working languages, leaving aside the diatopic variation of a language, as is the case with Spanish and its American variants. In this sense, research in the framework of phraseology in a Hispanic context of comparative analysis between the Spanish variant and the American ones is even rarer. In the world of globalization, the diversity of cultures and the extent of Spanish in which the language is immersed often offers us an idiomatic discourse that shows a great variety of expressions in the Spanish-speaking world. Many of these fixed expressions are used in all Spanish-speaking countries or a certain number of them. However, it should not be forgotten that each country has its preferences, according to traditions and customs, when forming and choosing fixed and idiomatic combinations, giving rise to expressions of restricted use in a specific country or region. The richness that phraseological diversity brings to the Spanish language is essential to carry out a contrastive analysis since the abundance of expressiveness and linguistic creativity typical of idiomatic discourse make popular knowledge an indispensable tool to immerse oneself in the Hispanic world. In addition, migratory movements have increased significantly in recent years and one of the consequences of this increase has been the emergence of increasingly multicultural societies, in which migrant communities belonging to very diverse cultures coexist with a degree of integration, conflict, and unequal coexistence. This new scenario causes consequences in their identity shaping process, as well as in their integration into host societies, influencing the norm of linguistic discourse.

Keywords:

Phraseological diversity, diatopic variants, idiomatic discourse, multicultural society, social influence, cultural identity.