Abstract:

In many countries, namely Turkey, North Cyprus, and Iran, students enter architecture schools without any background in art-based educational systems. This is due to the fact that students in such countries pass their secondary schools in science-based majors such as mathematics, and after a science-based entrance exam, they are capable of selecting architecture as their major. It is obvious that these students, who were raised through passive learning processes, are not prepared to engage with architectural education trends and especially the design process, which is relied on the empirical active learning system. One must not forget that architecture undergraduates should think and perform through an active process. It can be considered an essential part of the learning process in which the problems do not have a certain solution, and the participants are supposed to be able to work with alternated solutions. Getting to this point is only possible through a shift in the mindset of the learners, which according to Edward de Bono, is called the Lateral Thinking manner, which enables the students to become more creative and an active part of the educational system. This research categorizes and represents the suitable methods for architectural learners to facilitate the shift in their role from the passive learner to an active one who takes responsibility for their design problems. A systematic research has been conducted to collect the data from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web Of Science digital database, mentioning "active learning" and all the synonyms in the context of the architectural education system. The data was then categorized into groups of effective ideas for active learning in an architectural design course. The outcome is represented via some diagrams and tables. This research's consequences contribute to all architectural students, university professors, tutors, and students in design courses in other fields.

Keywords:

Active learning, Lateral thinking, Architectural education, Creative-based learning.