Abstract:

Adaptation generally represents the degree of adaptation of the organism to the requirements of the environment. Each individual must constantly respond to changes in their environment, and therefore this process accompanies them throughout their lives. The ability to adapt to these conditions is then called adaptability. If the requirements of the environment exceed the individual's ability to adapt, it is maladaptation. The first critical period in which a child's life changes radically is their entry into school. The child is suddenly more demanding in connection with the organization of the daily routine, integration into a new team, suppression of spontaneity, etc. The school environment is a very demanding environment, so it is important that the adaptation goes well. Good adaptation then brings a sense of satisfaction and confidence, and the child is able to overcome the obstacles that may occur on the way to the set goal. As part of a research survey conducted at the Faculty of Education of Palacký University in Olomouc (Czech Republic) in 2021, a sample of 107 primary school pupils monitored their level of adaptability within 6 months of starting compulsory primary education. The research survey used the method of a non-standardized questionnaire for teachers, which mapped the individual criteria indicating the successful adaptation of the pupil to the school environment. Based on the obtained data, recommendations were formulated to support the successful process of adaptation of pupils, both in the primary school environment and in the family environment.

Keywords:

Adaptation, adaptability, maladaptation, elementary school, elementary class, family, diagnostics, questionnaire.