Abstract:

School absenteeism is associated with significant risks regarding physical and mental problems, substance abuse, antisocial behavior, problems at or with school, school context, and family problems. As for school dropout, similar risks were identified that were also related to peer group characteristics. According to the literature, multidimensional approaches to risk and need assessment, as well as interventions to decrease or prevent school absence and dropout, are required. In the present study, we aimed to explore students’ perceptions regarding the reasons for dropping out of school. In the survey with 726 adolescents aged from 14 to 19 years from four different European countries (Turkey, Italy, Romania, and Spain), four themes were specified to understand students' perspectives: general and personal reasons for dropout; perceived characteristics of the students at risk; suggested strategies to avoid dropout; and which students' behavior, attitudes, and previous experiences influence their student engagement. Results show that teachers and the way they transmit their knowledge in classes were pointed out as having the greatest influence on students' behavior regarding dropout. However, it isn’t the only reason that puts students at risk of dropping out. Schools also play an important role by providing more support classes, modern materials in classes, and places to play sports activities. Concerning family- and friend-related reasons for dropping out, students most frequently cited low family education and unfavorable family strategies (e.g., absence of dialogue, weak parental involvement). Additionally, the promotion of students’ engagement and strategies to prevent dropping out are discussed.

Keywords:

Students’ perceptions, dropping out, middle school, multinational studies.