Abstract:

In recent decades, Russian higher education has been in crisis because traditional educational approaches do not correspond to the changing needs of educational communities. Along with opposing trends, a decrease in the quality of graduate training, fundamentally new educational practices appear. These practices are carried out at students' initiative and lead to results of varying degrees of success.
The purpose of the study is to reveal the conditions and factors that contribute to the successful or unsuccessful orientation of the educational practices of Russian students.

Tasks:
1. Definition of the specifics of the concept of nonlinear educational practices of students;
2. Features of the characteristics of nonlinear educational practices carried out by students of universities, aimed at educational success or failure;
3. Research of factors and conditions contributing to educational success.

Method:
The empirical study was conducted in 2019-2021 using a mass survey (n = 953, quota sample), focus groups with university students (n = 5) of the Sverdlovsk region.

Results:
1. The peculiarity of nonlinear educational practices of students is that they build it on their initiative. They construct their practices due to a complex of social and cultural factors and pedagogical conditions, but the main is the student's position as a subject of his educational process.
2. Types of educational practices of students differ in quality characteristics related to their success. We find three types of practices, characterized by different educational success (43.3% of respondents), limited success (42.1%) and failure (14.6%) of students.
"Nonlinear educational practices". These are the most successful educational practices of students associated with the search for opportunities for self-actualization and the disclosure of potential in professional, social activities.
"Linear educational practices". The limited success of the educational practices lies in the fact that these students think they get an education by force. Students do not interest in additional information and knowledge and are satisfied with the information given to them in the classroom.
"Noneducational practices". These are the most unsuccessful educational practices of students, which are aimed at formal achievements and are not interested in the acquired knowledge.
3. Characteristics of conditions and factors contributing to the success divided students into three groups. They are associated with the transformation of students' educational practices.

Students implementing nonlinear educational practices are opportunities for self-realization in innovative, scientific, practical activities: practice, internships, volunteering in activities close to their speciality.

For students who implement linear educational practices, these are educational values and norms, resources that contribute to their involvement in nonlinear educational practices: social, innovative, scientific projects that allow forming a positive image of the future profession.

For students who implement noneducational practices, these are educational values and norms that contribute to educational integration, motivation and discipline, contributing to the involvement of students in the educational process.

Keywords:

Linear and nonlinear educational practices, university students, educational success, sociocultural factors, pedagogical conditions.