Abstract:

This paper examines views of intelligence and associated theories of learning. It takes a close look at how prior knowledge affects conceptual understanding, learning goals, mastery goal orientations, and motivation. Learning goal orientations is important to conceptual understanding. If students set learning goals to achieve their objective, usually their task is accomplished because their motivational level is high and they pursue a topic with enthusiasm.
This paper surveys research on achievement and learning strategies and their role in student motivation. The development of conceptual understanding is related to prior knowledge, interest, learning goals, and achievement goals.