Abstract:

Teaching research methodology in Computer Science programs remains a persistent challenge, particularly in fostering students’ critical thinking, ability to identify knowledge gaps, and capacity to develop conceptually grounded proposals based on scientific evidence. To address this gap, a methodological model was designed to guide students step by step in developing conceptual research proposals through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The primary goal was to strengthen research competencies, promote critical and autonomous learning, and integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools into the research process. The central theme—“How AI tools help students improve learning and develop professional skills”—connected theoretical research frameworks with practical technological applications, promoting both academic and professional growth.

The model was implemented with undergraduate Computer Science students within the Lion Gaming Project – AI Research Lab. It followed a five-phase methodology combining the SLR approach with a State-of-the-Art → Critical Analysis → Model → Diagram progression. The model is based on 5 phases:
1.- Orientation and Theoretical Foundation: Students were introduced to research design principles based on the SLR method, learning to formulate research questions, identify knowledge gaps, and evaluate scientific sources.
2.- Definition of Topic and Keywords: Participants collaboratively defined research questions related to AI in education and employability and established inclusion and exclusion criteria for database searches.
3.- Scientific Database Exploration:
4.- Synthesis and Conceptual Model Construction: Students synthesized major findings and performed a Critical Analysis identifying commonalities, differences, strengths, and gaps.
5.- Diagram and Dissemination: Finally, students visualized their frameworks using Canva, PowerPoint, or Google Slides. Throughout the process, they received templates, rubrics, and continuous mentoring. Completed proposals were presented during Tech Week 2025 in Penn State Abington, promoting scholarly communication and collaboration.

In conclusion, implementing the model enabled students to initiate the research process and apply AI knowledge to the design of conceptual frameworks. Approximately 25 projects were undertaken, but only ten conceptual research model proposals were selected. These proposals addressed topics such as AI-assisted learning, intelligent tutoring systems, academic automation, and AI-driven professional development. The students' presentations demonstrated significant improvements in analytical reasoning, academic writing, ethical awareness, and digital competence.

Keywords:

AI tools, Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Conceptual Research Proposals, Computer Science Education Research Methodology.