Abstract:

The aim of our research is to diagnose the muscle imbalance of 50 students of the 2nd year of the study program Sports and Health of the Faculty of Sports of the University of Prešov in Prešov. Subsequently, eliminate them by innovative educational methods and aids incorporated into the content of the seminars of the subject Didactics of Health Physical Education during one semester of the academic year. The partial goal is to provide students with an educational dimension of the use of compensatory exercises, mainly through balance, stabilization, relaxation exercises with aids. Muscle imbalance was examined using the method by Janda (1982). To assess the significance of differences in the level of individual monitored indicators, we used Friedman's analysis followed by multiple comparisons by Wilcoxon test with Bonferoni adjustment. The Mann-Whitney U test is used to assess intersex differences. The results of the research in all monitored indicators pointed to the positive impact of the exercise program implemented within the educational process. After its application, we recorded a significant improvement in all monitored indicators. We achieved improvement of probands in the first two quality levels. We diagnosed the first degree of muscle balance in 27.3% of women and 10.3% of men, the second degree in 63.6% of women and 51.3% of men. In the third grade, 9.1% were women and 38.4% were men. We did not record a single proband in the fourth quality level.The results confirmed intersexual differences in muscle imbalance with a significantly higher incidence of shortened muscles in men. Based on the research results, we point out the necessary correction and compensation of functional disorders of the locomotor system of university students, in an effort to provide students with suitable movement skills in their future work as coaches and experts in sports and health.

The implementation of the research activities of the work was based on the grant task of Kega no. 044PU-4/2016 entitled "Innovation of health-oriented educational tools for future teachers of physical education and sports and professionals for sports and health."

Keywords:

Education, university students, health physical education, muscle imbalance.