Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to explore the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches that connect the study of general literature with the development of creative and critical thinking in readers. Due to its multi-layered nature and rich symbolic meanings, general literature has exceptional potential for fostering deep thinking, analytical skills, and creativity. The paper strives to demonstrate that literary works, through their aesthetic and cognitive value, enable readers to develop competencies essential for successfully navigating a modern society that demands a high level of critical thinking and innovation. It is based on theoretical concepts of reception aesthetics and hermeneutics, which emphasize the interactive nature of reading and interpreting literary works, and on constructivist theories that promote active engagement of students in the learning process.

The study is grounded in theoretical analysis of literary methods and pedagogical approaches used in literature teaching. It includes a review of various literary theories, such as reception aesthetics, hermeneutics, structuralism, and post-structuralism, and their impact on the reading experience. Special emphasis is placed on teaching methods that incorporate dialogic learning, simulations, role-playing, and productive literary didactic methods. The study also focuses on interdisciplinary approaches that connect literary analysis with other disciplines, such as history, art, and sociology, for a comprehensive understanding of literary works.

The results show that the use of literary works in the educational process significantly contributes to the development of critical and creative thinking in students. Dialogic learning encourages students to actively participate and engage in discussions, enhancing their analytical skills and argumentative abilities. Simulations and role-playing enable a deeper understanding of literary characters and situations, fostering empathy and creative thinking. Productive literary didactic methods, such as writing story continuations and dramatizations, stimulate innovation and creativity in students. Interdisciplinary approaches provide a broader contextual framework, enriching the understanding of literary works and promoting integrative thinking.

The study emphasizes the importance of including general literature in the educational process as a tool for developing key competencies for the 21st century. Findings indicate that literary works are not only a source of aesthetic enjoyment but also a powerful tool for fostering critical and creative thinking. By utilizing the theoretical approaches and methods described in the study, teachers can effectively develop their students' reading competencies, which are crucial for their personal and academic growth. The paper contributes to the understanding of how literature can serve as a bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for successful navigation in a complex modern world.

Keywords:

Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking, Hermeneutics, Literature, Theory of Reception.