Abstract:

The article presents psychosocial and ethnic factors considered as a combination of psychological, social, cultural, environmental and national aspects, affecting the communication and behaviour of individuals on a specific territory.

Communication is a complex and very multifaceted process. It comprises two main sides: the development of a person's socio-cultural values directly influencing the linguistic formation path and the self-realization as a creative, unique individual during social interaction with different people. The relationships lay the fundamental basement of the language development being primarily a process of the mutual experience and multilateral mutual understanding. Society comprehensively impacts the individual. It transmits norms of social, ethnic and linguistic values together with their assimilation into the socio-cultural environment.

A complex process of establishing and developing contacts between people may also be accompanied by the barriers. This survey defines psychosocial and ethnic perceptual limits regarding the minorities linguistic situation in New Zealand and the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. These territories appear to be extremely intriguing and luring for many scientists. Having passed a colossal path from total discrimination to the era of the state level attempts to revive cultures and languages, New Zealand and Mexican tribes have acquired attitudes and beliefs that limit their language development.

The research aims at distinguishing the psychological, social and ethnic barriers preventing the advancement of New Zealand and Mexican indigenous community in the linguistic sphere. Therefore, the course of the survey makes it possible to define a few factors of linguistic development restrictions concerning Mayan tribes in Mexico and Maori natives in New Zealand, such as European colonization of these territories ( the Spanish conquest in Mexica and the British expansion in New Zealand), centuries of territorial isolation, rights violation, segregation and xenophobic attitudes. Invaders provoked social inequality and complete rejection of the imposed socio-ethical norms and language behaviour. However, within times the lowest level of education, aptitude for imitation and easy suggestibility, the use of locals as servants led to a gradual rejection of the tribal national and cultural identity, including the linguistic one.

As a part of the study, the on-line sociological survey of bachelors and masters was conducted at the University of Quintana Roo in four campuses located in Chetumal, Plaza del Carmen, Cancun and the island of Cozumel as well as at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. The main goal of this survey was to reveal if young people aged 20-28 currently feel social discrimination based on ethnic or linguistic grounds. Another task for the respondents was to assess the promotion programs of indigenous languages and cultures, its effectiveness and whether the situation has improved in terms of discrimination. The results obtained at universities have proved the effectiveness of the existed linguistic and cultural programs for the population of New Zealand and the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Despite the historically highly discriminated society, indigenous peoples now definitely feel like equal members of the linguistic community, unrestrained in their right to use their native language in everyday communication, both in interpersonal and business communication.

Keywords:

Mexico, Quintana Roo, New Zealand, language behaviour, national-cultural pecularities, New Zealand English, Mexican Spanish, language variabilly, Maori language