Abstract:

Linguistic trends within last decades have become an intriguing and attention-grabbing phenomenon. The language policy which often sides with a stronger and more promising linguistic group in terms of social development is changing in the direction of preserving the linguistic minorities diversity. As its variety deteriorates annually and the sharp decrease is worsening, a combination of different measures is being undertaken in many countries. Such approach is aimed at supporting one language or several languages in order to unite the various nationalities inhabiting the country into a single state unit – the nation.

In the framework of special attention to the unique cultures and languages of the Maori in New Zealand and the Mayan in Mexico, there is an unusual integration of indigenous languages (autochthonous languages) into the commonly used allochthonous languages of these areas. Thus, this article presents a survey on the penetration and full implementation of maorisms into the New Zealand variant of English language and maisms into the Mexican territorial dialect of the Spanish language, confirming their original existence and development in a new integrated form. The aim of this work is to compare the position of indigenous languages, their inclusion processes in English and Spanish, as well as the revival policy influencing the situation.

The linguistic situation in New Zealand and in Mexican state Quintana Roo contrasts significantly, as the policy of education through " language nests" to preserve the Maori language is regarded to be efficient and successful while the Mayan language isn't supported enough. In New Zealand, the situation of simultaneous bilingualism is more observed – the knowledge of Kiwi English and the Maori language, there is almost no place where only the language of Maori is spoken and the interpenetration of languages is very strong. While in Quintana Roo there are still places where they do not understand Spanish and speak exclusively in the Mayan language, zealously protecting their cultural heritage and language, whereas the majority tend to use Spanish with Mayan language units.

The issues of preserving the ethnic identity and national values are acute and relevant. On the one hand, small nations are able to use now wide opportunities through digital technologies for self-presentation of their culture and languages having also a substantial policy of support from the state. On the other hand, globalization is a challenge to small ethnic groups considering their future destiny as they are pushed to be flexible and elastic; they have to adapt to the life of majority changing their lifestyle and language preferences.

The online sociological survey conducted on the base of the linguistics faculty in People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) has acknowledged the intentions of 42 PhD students to study not only English and Spanish as allochthonous languages but also concentrate their attention on cultural linguistic specifics of maorisms and maisms:
• 58% of students claimed about the desire to deepen the knowledge and to learn distinctive features of indigenous languages,
• 30% of respondents stated their preference exclusively for the languages of majority,
• 12% of students refused the need of deep language learning being ready only to learn colloquial part of it

Keywords:

Autochthonous languages, allochthonous languages, maorisms, maisms, contact linguistics, national variant, Quintana Roo.