Abstract:

Now we can characterize Russian higher education as a contradictory sphere of public life. Employers note the lack of professional training of graduates, the aging of cadres is taking place in science, the government is often guided by financial and bureaucratic motives not by the interests of the development of the society.

Modern realities require new approaches to the higher education. In the conditions of rapidly developing technologies in all areas of life, the university often does not keep up with them either in information or in material and technical terms.

In modern science, there are many approaches that can be applied to the study of higher education. The methodological basis of the article is a system, institutional, common and typological approach. The latter, from our point of view, is the most complex, because it includes elements of all the above. The author formulates the definitions of the concepts "typology" and "type". The empirical base of the research is based on the results of a semi-formalized in-depth expert interview with experts in higher education (N = 30).

The object of the article is the tendencies of the development of higher education in Russia in the 21st century, the subject is a typological approach to the analysis of these trends. The goal of the research is to apply a typological approach to the studying of trends of the development of higher education.

As a results of the study the author revealed the main trends in Russian higher education at the beginning of the 21st century. We divide them into two types: external (dictated by international conditions, global trends in the development of society as a whole and higher education in particular) and internal (related to the realities of Russian society).

The analysis of the development of Russian higher education has shown that today it is characterized by a whole complex of contradictions in various fields: in the content of higher education, the work of teachers, and the relationships between any subjects of higher education.

The article proves that the typological analysis of trends of the development of higher education is the most complex. It allows us to characterize not only the current trends, problems and contradictions in the development of higher education, but also to identify possible development prospects.

Keywords:

Higher education, university, trends, typologycal approach, typology.