Abstract:

Methodology concerning cross-cultural comparative studies has long been a jigsaw puzzle for most of the scholars all over the world. The problem with the issue is related to the fact that most of the inter-related concepts and theories regarding cross-cultural research have been dissolved into different corners of the literature in a disorganized way. This created a chaotic situation for those who want to understand and pursue a reliable and valid cross-cultural research. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to combine all of the related concepts and theories surrounding the development of research instruments for cross-cultural studies under a meaningful umbrella and to help bring a considerable insight into the field of cross-cultural research methodology. With respect to that aim, the approaches to study culture, and the notions of equivalency and bias in cross-cultural research have been discussed in a great detail with necessary suggestions and implications to support further studies.

Keywords:

Cross-cultural research, equivalency, bias, comparative studies.