THE INFLUENCE OF GRADUATES OF PHD PROGRAMS ON THE LEVEL OF INNOVATION IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

The development of high-tech industries determines the status of each country in the world economy, the standard of living of its inhabitants, the prospects for business development. High-tech sectors in Russia include the aviation industry and engine building, the rocket and space industry, the shipbuilding industry, the radio electronic industry, the nuclear power industry complex, information and communication technologies.

High-tech sectors of the economy (HTSE) - this is the sphere of interests of the government, investors, entrepreneurs, as well as science and education. The creation of new knowledge and technologies directly depends on the scientific and technical potential and an important role here is played by the training of new personnel in postgraduate study.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the correspondence between the numbers of graduated bachelors, graduated masters and graduated postgraduate students in the areas of training referred to high-tech sectors of the economy, and a comparison of these numbers with the share of high-tech sectors in the Russian economy in all federal districts.

The number of employees in the Russian High-tech sectors of the economy is 2 million people. The number of students at all levels of higher education is 350 thousand people, and the number of postgraduate students is 30 thousand people. The distribution of these indicators between the six HTSE is uneven. More than half of students and employees belong to the sector of information and communication technologies.

The share of HTSE enterprises, having the research and design departments in their structure, has grown in recent years and reached 59.1%. Leaders on these indicators are the Central and Volga federal districts. The proportion of employees of the HTSE enterprises is 6.3% of total number of employees. To reproduce the highest scientific qualifications staff at these enterprises, yearly an estimated 2.5 thousand specialists are required, who have completed postgraduate studies and / or obtained a PhD degree. As the analysis has shown, number of postgraduate students potentially covers these requirements, taking into account the requirements in staff number in the field of science and education. The paper provides a detailed analysis in the context of Russian regions and fields of science, in showing the deficit, balance and excess of postgraduate students to ensure the staffing requirements of the high-tech sectors of the economy.

Acknowledgement:
The paper is financially supported by the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation under Grant 15-02-00231/14 and by the state contract of Ministry of Education and Science of Russia under the Project 2.9410.2017/HM.