Abstract:

The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in higher education transcends mere technological adoption, demanding a profound redefinition of teaching competencies. This study investigates how teacher training can be invigorated by positioning GenAI not as a cognitive substitute, but as a catalyst for critical thinking and digital literacy. Within the framework of UNESCO's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG 4), preparing educators capable of mediating emerging technologies is imperative to ensure equitable and quality education. The research presented here details the implementation of a training framework with eighty teachers, focusing on the transition from instrumental literacy to the critical curation of algorithm-generated content.

The methodology, based on action research, was structured in cycles of experimentation and ethical reflection. Initially, participants were challenged to use large language models to structure lesson plans and assessment rubrics. However, the pedagogical differentiator lay in "Red Teaming" and "Critical Prompting" techniques, where educators were urged to provoke logical flaws and identify hidden cultural biases in AI outputs. This hands-on practice demonstrated that time savings in automating administrative tasks—estimated at approximately 30%—must be reinvested in pedagogical mediation and the design of AI-resistant assessments that prioritize human reflexivity, ethics, and complex problem-solving.

The results reveal that critical engagement with technology reduces the "digital divide" by empowering teachers to act as designers of personalized learning experiences. Qualitative analysis indicated that teachers developed a "Skeptic-in-the-loop" stance, validating machine suggestions in light of solid learning theories. In summary, the study concludes that 21st-century teacher training must focus on "critical curation." By mastering the art of the prompt and ethical validation, the teacher reaffirms their relevance, transforming AI into a strategic ally for inclusion and the sophistication of pedagogical practice on a global scale.

Keywords:

Generative AI, Critical Competencies, Teacher Training.