Abstract:

To enhance effective learning experiences in challenging times such as a pandemic and earthquakes, educators and learners need to focus on more efficient uses of online learning models. Towards the development of a complete model for effective online learning experiences by adapting Activity Theory (Engeström, 1987; Leont’ev, 1978), this study presents a review of the previous models for online education by deriving from major learning theories, several theories present models for the online environment, such as Connectivisim (Siemens, 2005), Online Collaborative Learning (OCL) (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2000; Harasim, 2012), Anderson’s Online Learning Model (Anderson, 2011), Bosch’s Blending with Pedagogical Purpose Model (Bosch, 2016), and Picciano’s Multimodal Model for Online Education (Picciano, 2017), and the Community of Inquiry (CoI) (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2000). The present conceptual study provides a review of the previous models and develops a complete model (Gogus, 2013) for effective online learning experiences by adapting Activity Theory within the context of online learning management.

Keywords:

Online Learning, Activity Theory, the Community of Inquiry (CoI), Online Learning Models.