Abstract:

Introduction:
Academic learning is a complex task, involving perceptual functions and motor skills. Vision is the most important source of perceptual information for the student. A high percentage of people suffer back injuries that could be prevented since the adolescence. In school, children need to maintain adequate positions in order to prevent future diseases such as ocular problems or muscular decompensations, which can derive on back injuries. School furniture need to be useful for children to maintain adequate positions and attitudes. When reading as well as when writing, they need to stay on a concrete distance to the paper or screen they are looking at. Movables as tables, chairs, racks, etc. need to be specific measures to maintain a straight position in order to prevent further health problems.
The aim of this communication is to show how the student can be made aware of the prevention of ocular and back anomalies, whilst proposing how a classroom should be in order to help children and teachers maintaining appropriate positions and body attitudes.

Methodology:
An academic review was done to evaluate the relation between inadequate positions when reading, writing or listening at school and ocular and skeletal-muscular diseases. We also want to find furniture designs that can help children maintaining appropriate positions at schools. After that we will analyse schools furniture designs in order to improve ergonomics’ classrooms.
We will obtain information about back and ocular anomalies prevention. The analysis in schools allows recording data about the real situation of schools focusing on their furniture and trying to improve it as much as possible in order to prevent future diseases.

Results:
Vision is a sense that interacts strongly with the elements of our static and dynamic behaviours and which makes intensive demands on our academic learning. The use of ergonomic furniture in classrooms allows students and teachers to prevent visual dysfunctions. Visual system in subjects shows compensatory changes with abnormal ergonomic situations.
There are some advices that need to be taken into account such as maintain, per example trunk-legs degrees, degrees and distance eyes to screen. The aim of this proposal is that students can value the importance of ocular and back health as well as aware them about a proper body position and attitude while studying at school or home. Furthermore, relationships between students, and between the students and teaching staff, are encouraged by means of collaborative work on different subjects involved in this project.

Conclusions:
Showing the students many different ways to take care about their visual health and musculoskeletal will prevent many back and ocular diseases in future population. Teachers need to be aware of helping students to do a proper prevention during school time to internalize the learnings proposed. This type of teaching encourages the students to participate in their own health, allowing the teacher to gather continuous feedback from the students' body attitudes. New methodologies require more preparation time and more dedication from teachers to provide feedback to students concerning their work. This must be taken into account in our work as teachers in order to continue learning and developing new educational teaching methodologies.

Keywords:

Prevention, ocular and back anomalies.