Abstract:

Early intervention is widely recognized as critical for improving developmental outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder; however, its effectiveness is closely tied to the accessibility, coordination, and quality of service systems. This study presents quantitative findings from a nationwide investigation of parent-reported early intervention experiences in Türkiye. A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 283 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder residing in 74 cities. The survey included structured items examining the timing of key milestones, evaluations of diagnostic and educational assessment processes, service utilization patterns, inclusion experiences, and perceived adequacy of services. Descriptive statistical analyses revealed that parents first noticed developmental concerns at a mean age of 18.6 months, followed by an average delay of 6.6 months to diagnosis. Nearly half of the parents reported that early intervention services were insufficient to meet their children’s needs. Service provision relied heavily on private special education and rehabilitation centers, often supplemented by family-financed supports. Inclusion in general education settings was limited, and access to individualized classroom support such as shadow teachers was uncommon. Overall, quantitative findings indicate that early intervention services in Türkiye are partially accessible but characterized by delayed pathways, limited intensity, and significant inequities. The results highlight the need for system-level improvements in early identification, service coordination, intervention dosage, and inclusive educational support.

Acknowledgement:
This study was supported by the Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Anadolu University under the project number SBA-2025-2742.

Keywords:

Autism spectrum disorder, early intervention, parent perspectives, service systems, Türkiye.