Abstract:

Universities are not only content to create or transfer knowledge in high level degrees, now they also position as creators of value in fostering entrepreneurship, including their students in different ways in a societal perspective.
We propose to present two different experiments : Groups of Entrepreneurship for Unemployed Young People (Groups of Creators of Economic Activities) and interactions in a Coworking Space.

A new approach to innovation:
For us, Innovation is first and foremost a contribution to the "value creation" (Garel). It is not only technical, but also can have a significant organizational and services dimension (Godet et al.) and can come from a wide variety of actors in daily interactions (Alter). The presented researches correspond to a position of Research Action to create knowledge for action linking Information and Communication Sciences aspects and Management Sciences aspects.

Groups of Creators or Entrepreneurship for Unemployed Young People (GC) developed around DUCAs (Academic Degrees for Creators of Activities) promote the creation of activities by young people without jobs and no University’s degrees. They are a development tool based on personal reconstruction of these young creators of their own economic activity. They thus contribute to sustainable development of deprived areas in the perspective outlined by P. Clerc and H. Azoulay (in Duval), which emphasizes the important role of the societal dimension of Competitive Intelligence.

Coworking Spaces emerging in Universities differentiate from Coworking Spaces developed in the commercial area, from associative world or from traditional methods in the training field. These spaces renew the interactions in the Universities, creating new areas of cooperation between teachers, students, administrators, business people and territory actors, and promote the emergence of new organizational forms. The process of creation of Coworking Spaces in the Universities is to develop innovative projects spaces, both physical and digital, conducive to new training and cooperation prospects. These experimental networked forms are emulation spaces for collective learning (Fabbri and Charue-Duboc), for creativity and innovation (Comtesse), experimentation areas questioning practices, potentially places for new services’ creation in a coproduction of services perspective.

We will analyze the two proposed experiments through the concept of situation in a grid of thinking inspired by Mucchielli and Autissier. Already used in other fields (education, Healthcare Networks), this grid does converge the views of Information and Communication Sciences and of Management Sciences in a systemic approach analyzing the construction of social reality by the different actors through their interactions developing new cooperative ways.

References:
[1] Alter N. (2002), Les logiques de l’innovation, La Découverte.
[2] Autissier D. (2009). L'intelligence de situation : savoir exploiter toutes les situations, Eyrolles.
[3] Comtesse X.(2010). Étude sur les conditions cadres atypiques de la société en réseau, Dares.
[4] Fabbri J., Charue-Duboc F. (2012). Un modèle d’accompagnement entrepreneurial : La Ruche.
[5] Duval M.A. (2008), Les nouveaux territoires de l’intelligence économique, Paris.
[6] Garel G. (2011), Peut-on gérer l’innovation ? CNAM.
[7] Godet M., Durance P., Mousli M., (2010), Libérer l’innovation dans les territoires.
[8] Mucchielli A., (2010). Situation et communication, Ovadia.

Keywords:

Entrepreneurship, innovation, interactions, unemployed, young people, business creation, coworking, situations, university.