Abstract:

Construction is an important sector for many economies and a key driver of growth. Despite the challenges the sector has recently faced, construction continues to be one of the largest sectors and a key source of employment. The global construction market, however, faces major transformation as businesses continue to respond to the challenges of the economic crisis since 2008 and seek to take advantage of the opportunities provided by the digital economy. As with many sectors, a skilled and flexible workforce is vital to the construction sector’s future performance and competitiveness.

One particular issue with the sector is health and safety and although safety performance has improved significantly in the past century, the industry is facing difficulties to further improve its performance while injuries and fatalities still happen regularly. In 2011 the UK construction sector was responsible for 22% of fatal injuries, while only employing 5% of the workforce while in the US the construction industry accounted for 16% of fatal occupational injuries in the US, while only employing 4% of the workforce [1]. A large number of construction accidents are caused by human factors associated with workers’ actions, behavioural traits and competency. Education and training play an important role in reducing health and safety accidents. However, in the UK a recent report from the UK’s Department for Business Innovation & Growth suggests that a lower proportion of firms in construction provide training and have established training plans than in other sectors on average and training among self-employed is also low [2].

This paper discusses the development of an online safety course associated with the construction of towers/scaffolding. It evaluates the online training compared to an established face-to-face safety training course. While part of the face-to-face course aims to provide theoretical knowledge and skills for tower construction, the course also has a practical element that takes learners through actually building a tower and the type of problems that can occur. To simulate the practical aspects of the face-to-face training course, the online course incorporated a serious game that allowed trainees to experience (in a virtual way) how to construct a tower.

In this paper, we evaluate the online course and the serious game for the construction industry to help learners understand how to build tower scaffolds and the issues associated with health and safety. The findings show that the online safety course has been deemed to be very useful and provides flexibility that the face-to-face course does not provide. In particular, the findings demonstrate the popularity of the serious game and its contribution to learning. The paper provides recommendations for future development in training in the construction sector using serious games and a future extension of the game that incorporates Virtual Reality to make the construction of the tower more "immersive".

References:
[1] A. Albert, M.R. Hallowell, B. Kleiner, A. Chen, & M. Golparvar-Fard. "Enhancing construction hazard recognition with high-fidelity augmented virtuality." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 140, no. 7 (2014)
[2] Department for Business Innovation & Skills, “UK Construction: An economic impact of the sector,” July, 2013.

Keywords:

Online training, serious games, health and safety, construction.