Abstract:

Recently psychologists have started to pay more and more attention to the cases of deviant behavior. Dissatisfaction with one's position in society leads to the emergence of various forms and methods of escaping reality, some of which are pathological in nature and manifest in the form of bullying (violence).

The concept of bullying was first used in the United States, where it was interpreted as threats, ridicule, intimidating, which are aimed at giving psychological discomfort for the victim. Bullying, as defined by the National Association of School Workers, is that the intent to harm is intentional and occurs when there is an inequality of power between the bully and the victim.

About two-thirds of children admit that they have experienced some form of violence in the family or school (by peers or teachers).

One of the most dangerous trends against the background of the computerization of all spheres of public life is the emergence of surrogate communication and, as a consequence of the phenomenon of distorted Internet communication, cyberbullying (violence committed using a computer connected to the Internet or electronic devices). A condition for classifying violent actions as cyberbullying is the regularity of manifestation, duration in time and the presence of a victim who is not capable of self-defense. Many researches show that the problem of cyberbullying is a burning issue in many developed countries.

In the course of writing the article, the following tasks were solved: the definitions of the concepts of bullying, cyberbullying were analyzed in order to identify aspects of its consideration in the scientific and methodological literature; the reasons for school bullying, the psychological determinants of its occurrence, the signs of bullying and the characteristics of the types of bullying inherent in primary schoolchildren are considered, an attempt is made to identify the level of bullying susceptibility of primary school age children based on the material of a survey of 499 people - students of the third and fourth grades.

Scientific, methodological and reference literature has become the material for the analysis of the concepts of bullying, cyberbullying.

In the course of work on the problem, the following methods and techniques were used: descriptive, distributive, interpretive, analysis of theoretical material.
The theoretical and practical significance of the work carried out lies in the description of the features of bullying behavior of primary school children in order to form a psychologically comfortable and safe educational environment.

Keywords:

Bullying, cyberbullying, Internet, junior school student.