Abstract:

Specialized Educational Service (SES) is a service performed in an environment capable of helping and promoting learning skills aimed at students with disabilities. Although the SES had been a positive point for the educational development of these students, the use of this resource can cause transport related problems for the families of these students, as the activities may not take place in the same school where the student studies. In general terms, offering this service in a different school contributes to the increase in commuting, as these students would have to make an additional trip, corresponding to the path from the regular educational institution in which the student is enrolled to another institution that provides the SES. In this case, pendular mobility is related to movements for study purposes. Thus, this study proposes to analyze the spatial mobility of students with disabilities in search of SES in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The choice of the Northeast Region as a study space took into account the fact that it is a region historically marked by the low quality of education compared to most other regions in Brazil, especially when it comes to students with special needs. To meet this objective, as a methodology, a documentary research of secondary data from the School Censuses of the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) of the years 2015, 2017 and 2019 and application of descriptive statistics were carried out in order to analyze and describe the data. Among the main results, it is highlighted that the SES is used by almost half of the population of students with disabilities in the Northeast Region, with most of these students looking for services aimed at cognitive development, autonomous life, soroban and curriculum enrichment. It was also found that the average age of these students was around 13.6 for males and 14.4 for females, in 2017, and in 2019, the average age of these students suffered a cooling, becoming 13.3 for males and 14.1 for females. Therefore, it can be suggested that women with disabilities take longer to leave the education system than men or that they enter school later tan men. In addition, there was a reduction in the participation of students with disabilities who receive SES in the same school, with emphasis on the year 2019, when students with disabilities who had this type of service began to perform commuting more frequently in the Northeast Region. Therefore, it was concluded that the student who seeks the SES has a greater need for help to achieve the necessary learning, and that this service is not offered as widely in schools and municipalities in the Region, causing such student, in a greater proportion of the that who does not need or seeks the SES, is willing to carry out the commuting to another municipality. Finally, it can be inferred that the lack of specialized service rooms in schools in the Northeast Region has increased the commuting mobility of students with disabilities, this fact reveals that the search for SEA is an attraction factor for these students.

Keywords:

Students with disabilities, Specialized Educational Service (SES), commuting mobility.