Abstract:

Ethnic groups survivors of ancient Mexico (Mixtec, Zapotec, Triqui, Mayan, Nahuatl among others) also called "Indigenous peoples" or "ethnic minorities"; they survive in marginal conditions that contrasts with the modern world that surrounds them. Their economic exclusion is based on general discrimination, similar to the recorded impoverished strata of the town and the country; but their marginalization is deepening due to intolerance and discrimination ethnic - cultural present in the national societies of the region. However, the emergence of new and important Information and Communication Technology (ICT), in specific the network technology through mobile phones, currently producing an explosion in the lifestyle of the Indigenous People; even more so in highly marginalized communities whose impact of ICT occurs in the economic and social aspect. Today is primary the use networking technology in various areas of human ( education, economy, culture, etc.), under this technological classification are the mobile devices, which propitiate a horizon without spatial barriers not temporary for members of a community and / or with different people to share knowledge, constant access to information and maintain communication between them. According to the 2011 edition of ITU (International Telecommunication Union)". Measuring the Information Society", reports that the growth of mobile telephony in developed countries in 2010 was 1% and developing countries was 20%, which gives us a vision of expanding the use of network technology in these countries. In Mexico as a factor relating to this impact; analysts estimate that mobile data consumption grew at a rate of 200-300% between 2010 and 2011, this fact is observed in this native people, being more accentuated consumption from 2013. Other indicators to consider in the use of network technology, focus on the initiative of the Mexican government by putting in action a strategic plan involving the transition from mobile voice services to mobile data, such as the amplitude spectrum block band data 700 MHz for use in mobile networks, as a result significantly improves the economic aspect of provision of the service and greater wireless capacity, with the most affordable service to the entire population.

A study on the social effects which cause these technological devices in marginal ethnic communities is complex, since there is provoked a series of concepts (Tequio, Stewardship, Guelaguetza) that are characterized by their socio-cultural environment that is part of a social construction (Chambat, 1994). The presence of ICT in the native people through mobile technologies are becoming more common, leading to the replacement of telephone booths that hinder mobility by their wireless counterparts, which are low cost, small size and large number of functions, this facilitates the expansion of access and use. This research was conducted in the context of the Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico, considered as an area of high marginalization, where communities are mainly formed by ethnic groups. Through quantitative and exploratory research, the social effects caused by mobile devices in these communities, such as the degree of penetration, the user profile and the interest rate on its use are analyzed. According to the results obtained in the data analysis, the inclusion of mobile devices in the processes of education of the presencial system across mechanisms designed with educational technology.

Keywords:

Ethnic Groups, Network Technology, Mobile Telephony, Educational Technology.