Abstract:

There is a general agreement on the advantages of open education in e-learning in terms of inclusiveness and equity (Wiley, 2010). However, there is a relatively less developed debate about the quality evaluation of open educational resources (OERs), accessible for free and without spatial or time limits. Usually the OERs’ quality is assessed on structural features, i.e. accessibility, usability, learning goals, possibility for the learner to assess his/her progress during learning (McGill et al. 2013; Ehlers & Joosten, 2009). When it comes to the content of OERs, this is considered mainly at the macro-level (i.e. text cohesion and coherence, cultural differences among potential users, gender differences), and not at the micro-level of its lexical components. Conversely, one of the most debated issues within the quality of education, both traditional face-to-face education and distance technology-enhanced education, is on how the educational mediation takes place in order to develop transversal competences and basic skills linked to the use of language (Marconi, 1997). W. Nagy, expert in vocabulary development, asks, “Which words should a teacher teach?” (2011) and, more in general, then he considers how, irrespectively of the disciplinary contents, words that compose the educational message do have an intrinsic value and should descend from an intentional choice in the instructional design phase.

Measures related to text readability are generally based on the frequency of a word in a corpus of sufficiently wide dimensions. Texts with rare words are more difficult to understand than those that contain common words. However, the emphasis on the use of these tools to study the adequacy of textbooks and learning materials has been criticized (Davison - Green, 1988), as not always common words are easy to define (e.g. the article “the” it is very common but with difficult to define) whereas rare words in a written texts can be easier as, for instance, they are common in the spoken language (e.g. “t-shirt” or “fireman”). Building a structure of semantic relationships between words (similarities/oppositions, inclusion/exclusion, semantic fields) is instead one of the ways to help memorization, and it makes likely the passage from receptive to productive lexicon in learners. On these premises, it can be envisaged a set of criteria to evaluate the appropriateness of an OER text with respect to its learning goals.

The paper discusses the assumptions to evaluate the lexical aspects of OERs’ instructional messages, and presents the first results obtained from an exploratory study carried out on a set of OERs’ in Italian language on a variety of contents. Other than the application of readability formulas (Flesh/Gulpease), the focus will be on a comparison between expected semantic fields, identified with ItalWordNet (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/iwndb) and actual ones presented in the texts, with a specific attention to the inferences of meaning required by words not explicitly defined in the text itself.

Keywords:

Open educational resource, lexicon, quality, evaluation.